So one of the approaches to proving the equality in the question is via the following three steps:
First differentiate both sides of the equation to see that they agree up to a constant. This reduces to showing the case of x=1, for which logx=0.
Next we apply integration by parts to get
intinfty1exp(−y)/ydy−int10frac1−exp(−y)ydy=intinfty0exp(−y)logydy
Finally observe that Gamma′(1) equals the RHS, by differentiating under the integral sign, valid because things are decaying fast enough at infinity.
So it remains to show Gamma′(1)=gamma. I saw a soft argument (i.e., without using infinite product) in the link scipp.ucsc.edu/~haber/ph116A/psifun_10.pdf
This is re-exposed below:
first we establish that for Psi(x)=logGamma(x),
Psi′(x+1)=Psi′(x)+1/x
This is easy enough since we have we have the functional equation Gamma(x+1)=xGamma(x).
Next using stirling approximation we get
Psi(x+1)=(x+1/2)logx−x+1/2log2pi+O(1/x)
and then they differentiate this and claim that O(1/x)′=O(1/x2), which is clearly false (take f(x)=1/xcos(ex)). But I found in Wikipedia another formula that gives the precise error term in terms of an integral of the monotone function arctan(1/x). So this is enough to establish O(1/x2) for the error term in the derivative of Psi. So we get the asymptotics limxtoinftyPsi′(x+1)=log(x), from which we get Psi′(1)=gamma. Now notice Psi′(x)=Gamma′(x)/Gamma(x), and Gamma(1)=1, so Gamma′(1)=gamma also.
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