Monday, 7 December 2009

prime numbers - What does the probabilistic model suggest the error term in the PNT should be?

Let Pn be independent variables which are 1 with probability 1/logn and 0 with probability 11/logn and let
Pi(x)=sumnleqxPn.



Then Cram'{e}r showed that, almost surely,



limsupxrightarrowinftyfrac|Pi(x)elli(x)|sqrt2xsqrtfracloglogxlogx=1



where



elli(x)=intx2fracdtlogt.



See page 20 here: http://www.dms.umontreal.ca/~andrew/PDF/cramer.pdf



Edit: H. L. Montgomery has given an unpublished probabilistic argument that suggests



limsupxrightarrowinftyfrac|psi(x)x|sqrtx(logloglogx)2=frac12pi.



This is announced in: H.L. Montgomery, "The zeta function and prime numbers," Proceedings of the Queen's Number Theory Conference, 1979, Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ont., 1980, 1-31.

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