gn.general topology - Hausdorff dimension: subset of $mathbb{R}^n$ vs. boundary of this subset

"Smaller" in the sense of $le$ ... If $S$ is closed and has Hausdorff dimension $< n$, then $S$ has empty interior, so (as noted by Joel) $S$ is its own boundary, and thus we have equality for the two dimensions. And of course if (perhaps not closed) set $S$ has dimension $n$, then the boundary could have any dimension from $0$ to $n$, inclusive. If $S$ is closed and has dimension $n$, then the boundary is either empty or has dimension $ge n-1$.