Following the first chapter of Hatcher's great book "Spectral Sequences in Algebraic Topology", I got into problems with spectral sequences of cohomological type. Fix a ring R once and for all. Please let me first recapitulate the homological situation.
An exact couple consists of bigraded R-modules A and E and bigraded R-module homomorphisms i, j, and k, such that
begin{array}{rcl}A&xrightarrow{i}&Anewline {scriptsize k}nwarrow&&swarrow{scriptsize j}newline&E&end{array}
is exact at every corner. Its derived pair with A′=i(A) and E′=H(E) with respect to d=jcirck is again exact. Before you wonder about the indices in what comes next, please continue reading up to the canonical example. This will explain the degrees, if I have not made a mistake. Let ainmathbbN (in the example below we have a=1). Set r=0 for the moment. An exact couple with bidegrees
begin{array}{rcl}A^{(r)}&xrightarrow{(1,-1)}&A^{(r)}newline {scriptsize (-1,0)}nwarrow&&swarrow{scriptsize (-(a-1+r),(a-1+r))}newline&E^{(r)}&end{array}
induces a spectral sequence Er+ap,q=E(r)p,q of homological type with differentials dr+a=j(r)circk(r). Here scriptsizesomething(r) denotes the corresponding term in the r-th derived couple. The r-th derived couple has bidegrees as in the diagram above.
Here is the canonical example. Let 0=C−1subseteqC0subseteqldotsCpsubseteqldots=C be a filtration of a chain complex C. Take for example the singular complex of a topological space X filtered by a filtration of X. We have many long exact sequences in homology, here are three of them:
begin{array}{lcccccr} to H_{p+q}(C_p,C_{p-1})&xrightarrow{k}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-1})&xrightarrow{i}&H_{p+q-1}(C_p)&xrightarrow{j}&H_{p+q-1}(C_p,C_{p-1})tonewline to H_{p+q}(C_{p-1},C_{p-2})&xrightarrow{k}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-2})&xrightarrow{i}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-1})&xrightarrow{j}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-1},C_{p-2})tonewline to H_{p+q}(C_{p-2},C_{p-3})&xrightarrow{k}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-3})&xrightarrow{i}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-2})&xrightarrow{j}&H_{p+q-1}(C_{p-2},C_{p-3})to end{array}
There is an exact couple as above with a=1 and Ep,q=Hp+q(Cp,Cp−1) and Ap,q=Hp+q(Cp). Please note, that all the bigrades are correct. To follow d1:E1p,qtoE1p−1,q, you start at the upper left corner, apply k, go one row down (the entries are equal here if you move one right) and apply j. One can also follow d2 but this is not quite correct since you have to deal with representatives in E1. Here you start at the upper left corner and get to the lower right.
Here is Hatcher's illuminating argument for convergence. I have never seen this so clearly presented.
The spectral sequence E1(Cbullet) of homological type
converges to Hp+q(C) if it is bounded (=only
finitely many non-zero entries on
every fixed diagonal p+q). One has
Einftyp,q=i(Hp+q(Cp))/i(Hp+q(Cp−1)).
(i denotes the image in the colimit Hp+q(C).)
Proof. Let r be large and consider (I don't know if this renders correctly) the r-th derived couple
beginarrayctoErp+r,q−r+1xrightarrowkrArp+r−1,q−r+1xrightarrowirArp+r,q−rnewlinexrightarrowjrErp,qxrightarrowkrnewlineArp−1,qxrightarrowirArp,q−1xrightarrowjrErp−r,q−1+rto.endarray
The first and the last term are 0 because of the bounding assumption. We have Arp,q=i(A1p−r,q+r) and since Cn is zero for n<0, the last three terms are 0. Exactness implies the result.
Now the cohomological situation.
Let 0=C−1subseteqC0subseteqldotsCpsubseteqldots=C be a filtration of a chain complex C. Take again for example the singular complex of a topological space X filtered by a filtration of X. Understand the cohomology Hn(C) of C as Hn(hom(C,mathbbZ)), the homology of the dualized complex as one does in topology.
Again we have many long exact sequences:
begin{array}{lcccccr} to H^{p+q}(C_p,C_{p-1})&xrightarrow{k}&H^{p+q}(C_p)&xrightarrow{i}&H^{p+q}(C_{p-1})&xrightarrow{j}&H^{p+q+1}(C_p,C_{p-1})tonewline to H^{p+q}(C_{p+1},C_p)&xrightarrow{k}&H^{p+q}(C_{p+1})&xrightarrow{i}&H^{p+q}(C_{p})&xrightarrow{j}&H^{p+q+1}(C_{p+1},C_{p})tonewline to H^{p+q}(C_{p+2},C_{p+1})&xrightarrow{k}&H^{p+q}(C_{p+2})&xrightarrow{i}&H^{p+q}(C_{p+1})&xrightarrow{j}&H^{p+q+1}(C_{p+2},C_{p+1})to end{array}
One can again follow d1:E1p,qtoE1p+1,q, etc. What is an exact couple of cohomological type? The only thing which fits into the picture is this: Set Ap,q=Hp+q(Cp) and Ep,q=Hp+q(Cp,Cp−1) and a=1.
An exact couple with bidegrees
begin{array}{rcl}A_{(r)}&xrightarrow{(-1,1)}&A_{(r)}newline {scriptsize (0,0)}nwarrow&&swarrow{scriptsize (a+r,-(a-1+r))}newline&E_{(r)}&end{array}
induces a spectral sequence Er+a=E(r) of cohomological type with differentials dr+a=j(r)circk(r). Here scriptsizesomething(r) denotes the corresponding term in the r-th derived couple. The r-th derived couple has bidegrees as in the diagram.
Now I would like to establish the following result. This is done nowhere since everything is said to be "dual" to the homological case. But if you look at the indices...hmm:
The spectral sequence E1(Cbullet) of cohomological type
converges to Hp+q(C) if it is bounded. One has
Einftyp,q=ker(Hp+q(C)toHp+q(Cp−1))/ker(Hp+q(C)toHp+q(Cp)).
Proof? Let r be large and consider (I don't know if this renders correctly) the r-th derived couple
beginarrayctoEp−r,q+r−1rxrightarrowkrAp−r,q+r−1rxrightarrowirAp−r−1,q+rrnewlinexrightarrowjrEp,qrxrightarrowkrnewlineAp,qrxrightarrowirAp−1,q+1rxrightarrowjrEp+r,q−r+1rto.endarray
The last term is 0 because of the bounding assumption. We have Ap,qr=i(Ap+r,q−r1) and since Cn is zero for n<0, the second and the third term are 0. Exactness implies that
Ep,qr=ker(i(Hp+q(Cp+r))toi(Hp+q(Cp+r−1))).
I cannot see how the result follows from this. Perhaps it is "only" a limit trick but I can not see it. So the question is:
How does Lemma 1.2. of Hatcher's text works in the cohomological case?
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