update
The answer is here!
Original comment/answer
Kimura and Ohta (1969) showed that assuming an initial frequency of $p$, the mean time to fixation $\bar t_1(p)$ is:
$$\bar t_1(p)=-4N\left(\frac{1-p}{p}\right)ln(1-p)$$
similarly they showed that the mean time to loss $\bar t_0(p)$ is
$$\bar t_0(p)=-4N\left(\frac{p}{1-p}\right)ln(p)$$
Combining the two, they found that the mean persistence time of an allele $\bar t(p)$ is given by $\bar t(p) = (1-p)\bar t_0(p) + p\bar t_1(p)$ which equals
$$\bar t(p)=-4N\cdot \left((1-p)\cdot ln(1-p)+p\cdot ln(p)\right)$$
This does not answer any of the two questions!
This answer gives...
- the average persistence time
but not...
- the probability of fixation rather than extinction if we wait an infinite amount of time
neither...
- the probability that the allele get extinct over a period of say 120 generations.
Can someone improve this answer?
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