Saturday, 18 September 2010

ag.algebraic geometry - Why can't subvarieties separate?

I'm posting my answer to this question as its own question:



Let V be an irreducible projective variety over mathbbC. Let U be a Zariski open set in V. I'll use V(mathbbC) and U(mathbbC) to mean V and U equipped with their Euclidean topologies, respectively.



What is the easiest proof that U(mathbbC) is connected?



Here's the proof I know: Suppose that U(mathbbC) can be written as a disjoint union of two open sets A and B. Since the complement of U in V is a variety of smaller dimension than V, a theorem of Remmert and Stein implies that the closures overlineA and overlineB of A and B in V(mathbbC) are projective analytic sets. By Chow's theorem that projective analytic sets are algebraic, overlineA and overlineB are subvarieties of V. Since they're proper, V is not irreducible, and we have a contradiction.



I guess I'm really asking for the most elementary argument, as I think the above argument is nice intuitively. A reference would be fine.



(To avoid going through the same discussion in the comments that happened at the other question, let me point out that I am aware that irreducible varieties are connected and that U is itself a variety in the sense that it is locally affine. It is just not obvious to me that it is irreducible (without appealing to the above argument).)

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