Jupiter does not have a "surface" and nor is there anything but an arbitrary division between interplanetary space and where its atmosphere begins.
The crushing pressure, is its atmospheric pressure. The deeper into the atmosphere you go, the greater the column of gas that lies above you. It is tthe weight of this column of gas that is responsible for the rapid increase in pressure with depth.
The answer to your last question is most definitely addressed in the duplicate question about whether Jupiter is entirely made of gas. There is quite likely to be a liquid phase nearer the centre and there may be a solid core of order 10 times the mass of the Earth. It is not a settled question.
The gas motions you talk about are essentially belts of weather systems in the upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere. It is all most definitely gas that you can see.
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