fourier analysis - Convolution and multiplication in time and frequency domains.

I don't have a complete answer yet, but it seems highly implausible such a thing exists. Assume there exists some map $T: mathcal{S}tomathcal{S}$ on Schwarz space such that
$(fcdot g) * h = (Tf*Th) cdot(Tg*Th)$, it is clear that $T$ cannot be a linear map (else the left and right sides scale differently when $h$ is replaced by $lambda h$).

Now say we want $T$ to map real-valued functions to real-valued ones, then we run into a bit of a problem: let $h$ be negative of the normal Gaussian. Then for any real-valued $f$, $f^2 geq 0$, so the LHS $(fcdot f) * h$ is non-positive. On the other hand, the RHS becomes $(Tf * Th)^2$ is non-negative. And we get a contradiction.

How about translation invariance? Suppose $(Tf)(x-s) = T(f(x-s))$. Now take $f$ to be some bump function with support in the unit interval. And take $g$ to be an arbitrary translate of $f$. In the case where $g = f$, we have that the left hand side does not always vanish, which implies that $(Tf*Th)$ cannot vanish identically. But when $g$ is a translate by some large (compared to 1) value, the LHS becomes 0. However, writing $f_t(x) = f(x-t)$, we have that $Tf_t*Th = Tf * Th_t$, so this implies that $(fcdot f_t)*h = (hcdot h_t)*f = 0$ for any $h$, and this is obviously nonsense. So $T$ cannot be translation invariant.

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