Fix a prime p which doesn't divide the degree of K over mathbbQ, and let mathcalO denote the ring of integers of mathbbQp(chi) i.e. an extension of mathbbQp containing the values of chi. Then the group algebra mathcalO[G] decomposes into a direct sum of 1-dimensional pieces over mathcalO, one for each power of chi.
Then Sha(E/K)[pinfty]otimesmathcalO being an mathcalO[G]-module inherits such a decomposition. Concretely, the chii-component of Sha(E/K)[pinfty]otimesmathcalO is the subset where G acts by chii.
This chii-component is then a reasonable candidate to compare to the p-adic valuation of the algebraic part of L(E,chii,1).
Some further comments:
-Note that extending scalars to mathcalO increases the size of the modules so this has to be taken into account.
-The component corresponding to the trivial character is the invariants under G, and when G has size prime-to-p this is simply Sha(E/mathbbQ)[pinfty]otimesmathcalO (which is good).
-To make a precise relationship between the L-value and Sha, you need to take into account the other terms in BSD. Namely:
*The torsion-term should work out exactly as above (decomposing into chi-components).
*The periods have to be considered (which was ignored above in my vague phrase "the algebraic part of").
*The Tamagawa numbers give me pause -- possibly there is an analogous chi-decomposition, but I don't see it now.
*Lastly, if K is ramified over mathbbQ then the discriminant of K appears in the BSD quotient (in the denominator which increases the size of Sha). To handle this, I imagine what should be done is that rather then considering the L-value alone, consider the L-value times the Gauss sum of the character. (By the conductor-discriminant formula this should give exactly the extra powers of p needed.)
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