Tuesday, 25 November 2008

rt.representation theory - If associated-graded of a filtered bialgebra is Hopf, does it follow that the original bialgebra was Hopf?

Warning: older texts use the word "Hopf algebra" for what's now commonly called "bialgebra", whereas now "Hopf" is an extra condition. So as to avoid any confusion, I'll give my definitions before concluding with my question.



Definitions



Let C be a category with symmetric monoidal structure otimes and unit 1 (and either strictify, or decorate all the following equations with associators and unitators and so on). An (associative, unital) algebra in (C,otimes) is an object V along with maps e:1toV and m:VotimesVtoV satisfying associativity and unit axioms: mcirc(motimestextid)=mcirc(textidotimesm) and mcirc(textidotimese)=textid=mcirc(eotimestextid). A (coassociative, counital) coalgebra is an object V along with maps epsilon:Vto1 and Delta:VtoVotimesV satisfying coassociativity and counit axioms. A bialgebra is any of the following equivalent things:



  • A coalgebra in the category of algebras and algebra-homomorphisms (1 has its canonical algebra structure coming from the otimes axioms that 1otimes1=1; in the tensor product of algebras, elements in the different multiplicands commute)

  • An algebra in the category of coalgebras and coalgebra-homomorphisms

  • An object V with maps e,m,epsilon,Delta satisfying the axioms above and a compatibility axiom:
    Deltacircm=(motimesm)circ(textidotimestextflipotimestextid)circ(DeltaotimesDelta)

A bialgebra can have the property of being Hopf (it is a property, not extra data): a bialgebra V is Hopf if there exists an antipode map s:VtoV satisfying
mcirc(sotimestextid)circDelta=ecircepsilon=mcirc(textidotimess)circDelta


Naturally, it's better to see these definitions than read them; check e.g. the Wikipedia article. If an antipode exists for a bialgebra, it is unique (justifying considering Hopfness a property rather than a structure) and it is an antihomomorphism for both the algebra and coalgebra structures.



Let VECT be the category of vector spaces (over your favorite field), with otimes the usual tensor product and 1 the ground field. A (mathbbN-)filtered vector space is a sequence V=V0hookrightarrowV1hookrightarrowV2hookrightarrowdots in VECT. A morphism of filtered vector spaces VtoW is a sequence of morphisms VntoWn so that every square commutes: VnhookrightarrowVn+1toWn+1=VntoWnhookrightarrowWn+1. Equivalently, a filtered vector space is a space VinVECT along with an increasing sequence of subspaces V0subseteqV1subseteqdotssubseteqV such that V=bigcupVn, and a linear map of filtered vector spaces VtoW is filtered if the image of Vn lies in Wn for each n.



Because otimes is exact in VECT (because every monomorphism splits), to a pair V,W of filtered vector spaces we can define an mathbbN2-filtered space with (p,q)-part VpotimesWq, and then we can define the mathbbN-filtered space VotimesW by setting (VotimesW)n to be the colimit of the diagram given by all VpotimesWq with p+qleqn. Equivalently, we can take the tensor product in VECT of the unions V=bigcupVn and W=bigcupWn, and then filter it by declaring that the nth part is the union of the (potimesq)th parts for p+q=n.



A (mathbbN-)graded vector space is a sequence V0,V1,V2,dots in VECT, or equivalently a space V along with a direct sum decomposition V=bigoplusVn. A morphism of graded vector spaces preserves the grading.



Let V be a filtered vector space. Its associated graded space textgrV is given by (textgrV)n=Vn/Vn1, where V1=0, of course. Then textgr is a symmetric monoidal functor, and so takes filtered bialgebras to graded bialgebras.



Question



Let V be a filtered bialgebra, i.e. a bialgebra in the category of filtered vector spaces. Then textgrV is a graded bialgebra. Suppose that textgrV is Hopf. Does it follow that V is Hopf? I.e. suppose that textgrV has an antipode map. Must V have an antipode map?



(Or perhaps it requires additional hypotheses, e.g. that we be in characteristic 0, or that V is locally finite in the sense that each Vn is finite-dimensional?)

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