Sunday, 14 November 2010

differential equations - Existence of non-trivial solutions to Dirichlet problem with a potential lying between eigenvalues.

I assume Omega is a bounded open subset of mathbbRn and, say, VinLinfty(Omega). What you say is correct, but of course you need to assume that the eigenvalues are also consecutive (otherwise e.g. V itself could be another eigenvalue in between [edit: as you actually said]). The comparison principle you are seeking comes from the Courant–Fischer–Weyl variational characterization of the eigenvalues of Delta+V, by which the k-th eigenvalue lambdak(Delta+V ) in the increasing order is expressed as a certain min-max of the Rayleigh quotient, which is monotone wrto V:
fracintOmegaleft(|nablau|2+V(x)u2right)dxintOmegau2dx


(for a precise statement see e.g. Courant-Hilbert, or Reed-Simon, or Gilbarg-Trudinger, &c).



So if we denote lambdak:=lambdak(Delta) and assume lambdak+1<V(x)<lambdak , it follows by the monotonicity
lambdak(Delta+V)<lambdak(Deltalambdak)=0=lambdak+1(Deltalambdak+1)<lambdak+1(Delta+V),


so that 0 is not an eigenvalue of Delta+V.

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