I taught knot theory last semester and ran into the same problem. I looked in every book I could get my hands on, and could not find an undergraduate level proof. In the end, I wrote up my own notes (which I would be happy to scan when I get back into the office). The key ideas for the case-by-case analysis are in the book "Knots, links, braids, and 3-manifolds" by Prasolov and Sosinsky. I also found Louis Kauffman's book "On knots" to be helpful. There are two lemmas I could not find anywhere: (1) the general position argument, which says that there is a nice projection and (2) the argument which says that you can find a general projection so that the associated diagram is equivalent to the original diagram (most books skip this issue). The point of the second lemma is that it is not enough to show that there exist two projections that differ by Reidemeister moves, rather, you want to show that the two given diagrams differ by Reidemeister moves.
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