Repeating the consonant in many words in a sentence or phrase

There are lots of sentences here.

(1) In view humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of fate.

This is a fragmentary sentence. Consider "A humble vaudevillian veteran, cast vicariously as both victim and villain by the vicissitudes of fate" ... and what? The whole verb phrase is missing. This is poetic language. To my knowledge there is not a specific word for this.

(2) This visage, no mere veneer of vanity, is a vestige of the “vox populi” now vacant, vanished.

"This dog, no mere poodle, is a an example of the "poodle" breed, (which is) now vanished." There's nothing particularly odd about that one.

(3) However, this valorous visitation of a bygone vexation stands vivified, and has vowed to vanquish these venal and virulent vermin, van guarding vice and vouchsafing the violently vicious and voracious violation of volition.

"However, this poodle has vowed to defeat the cats, (who) are at the forefront of vice and (graciously allow?) the oppression of those who make their own choices."

Nothing syntactically odd here.

(4) The only verdict is vengeance;

Normal.

(5) a vendetta, held as a votive not in vain, for the value and veracity of such shall one day vindicate the vigilant and the virtuous.

Another fragment. There isn't a top level verb phrase here. "A poodle, doing doggy things, for doggy things are useful and ought to be done as often as possible."

That's not to say that there's anything wrong with these sentences.