Thursday, 8 October 2009

differential topology - Is it true that exotic smooth R^4 cannot be diffeomorphic to RxN, where N is a 3-manifold?

Since $mathbb{R}$ and any 3-manifold $N$ must be non-exotic, their product $mathbb{R}times N$ cannot possibly be diffeomorphic to exotic $mathbb{R}^4$, correct?



Update: Andy Putman already answered this question in a different thread, as pointed out by Steven Sivek below. The answer is yes, but not for the reasoning I implied above, because, I gather, the product could in principle be taken in a nontrivial way that alters the differentiable structure.



The proof outlined by Andy relies on $mathbb{R}times N$ being piecewise linearly isomorphic to $mathbb{R}^4$, which is said to be proved in "Cartesian products of contractible open manifolds" by McMillan, which happens to be freely available here:
http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1961-67-05/S0002-9904-1961-10662-9/S0002-9904-1961-10662-9.pdf .
The relevant part of that paper is as follows:




"A recent result of M. Brown asserts that a space is topologically $E^n$ if it is the sum of an ascending sequence of open subsets each homeomorphic to $E^n$.



THEOREM 2. Let $U$ be a $W$-space. Then $Utimes E^1$ is topologically $E^4$



Proof. Let $U=sum_{i=1}^{infty}H_i$ where $H_i$ is a cube with handles and $H_isubseteq text{Int } H_{i+1}$. By the above result of Brown, it suffices to show that if $i$ is a positive integer and $[a,b]$ an interval of real numbers ($alt b$), then there is a 4-cell $C$ such that



$H_itimes[a,b]subseteqtext{Int }Csubseteq Csubseteq Utimes E^1$.



There is a finite graph $G$ in $(text{Int }H_i)times{(a+b)/2}$ such that if $V$ is an open set in $Utimes E^1$ containing $G$ then there is a homeomorphism $h$ of $Utimes E^1$ onto itself such that $h(H_itimes[a,b])subseteq V$. But $G$ is contractible to a point in $Utimes E^1$. Hence, by Lemma 8 of [Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 66, 485 (1960)], a 4-cell in $Utimes E^1$ contains $G$, and the result follows."




A $W$-space was earlier defined as a contractible open 3-manifold, each compact subset of which is embeddable in a 3-sphere.



I'm not sure what it means for a simply connected manifold such as $mathbb{R}^3$ to be equal to an infinite sum of cubes with handles, but given that, can we say that the above machination qualifies as a piecewise linear isomorphism because each $H_itimes[a,b]$ can be covered with a chart, and each $C$ can be covered with a chart, such that there is a linear mapping between the two?

No comments:

Post a Comment