Sunday, 8 May 2011

fourier analysis - level sets of multivariate polynomials

Let p:mathbbRnrightarrowmathbbR be a polynomial of degree at most d. Restrict p to the unit cube Q=[0,1]nsubsetmathbbRn. We assume that p has mean value zero on the unit cube Q:
intQp(x)dx=0.



For alpha>0 consider the sublevel sets of P,



Ealpha=xinQ:|p(x)|leqalpha



There are several known estimates for the Lebesgue measure of this set which in some sense or another are uniform over some classes of polynomials. For example, we have that



|Ealpha|lesssimmin(pd,n)fracalpha1/d|p|1/dLp(Q)



This particular estimate is due to Carbery and Wright and can be found here.



I'm interested in studying the (induced Lebesgue) measure of the boundary of this set



|partialEalpha|=|xinQ:|P(x)|=alpha|



Consider first the easy case of dimension n=1. Then the set Ealpha is a finite union of closed intervals and the question is trivial. It is obvious that in this case there are at most O(d) intervals so the 0-dimensional measure of the boundary is O(d).



Now in many variables things will be much more complicated. For example can we say that the set Ealpha has O(d) connected components? Is there an estimate for the measure of the boundary partialEalpha in terms of alpha, d and n, assuming (say) that |p|L1(Q)=1 ?



This question comes up naturally if one tries to study an oscillatory integral with phase p and apply integration by parts (i.e Gauss theorem) imitating the one dimensional method of proving the van der Corput lemma (for example).

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