Tuesday, 31 May 2011

soft question - What are your favorite instructional counterexamples?

Here is a useful example of counter-examples in commutative ring theory;



Let R=P(mathbbN) be the power set of mathbbN. It has a ring structure (R,+,times) where + is the symmetric difference of sets and times is the intersection of sets.



Applications:



Obviously, R is a commutative ring with 1, (mathbbN is the 1).



1) Let R be a commutative ring with 1 and a multiplicative closed set of R. If R is Noetherian (Artinian) ring then S1R is Noetherian (Artinian). Does the converse hold?



No, it doesn't.



Using the above example, for any prime ideal p of R, Rp (the localization at p) is Noetherian (Artinian) while, R is not Noetherian (Artinian).



Outline:



Consider P({1}) subset P({1,2}) subset... and P(mathbbN)supset P(mathbbNsetminus{1}) supset P(mathbbNsetminus{1,2}) supset... showing that R is neither Noetherian nor Artinian ring.



It is easy to verify that Rp is isomorphic to mathbbZ/2, hence it is both Noetherian & Artinian. (Every element of Rp is either 0/1 or a invertible.)



2) Let R be an integral domain (also commutative with 1), then for every multiplicative closed set of R, S1R is an integral domain, hence for every Rp. Does the converse hold?



By the above example, it doesn't, since (P(mathbbN),+,times) is not an integral domain.

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