Friday, 1 June 2012

Why are Lie Algebras/ Lie Groups so much like crossed modules, and not?

A crossed module consists of a pair of groups G and H with a group homomorphism, t:HrightarrowG, and alpha:GtimesHrightarrowH that defines an action of G on H, tildealpha: via
alpha(g,h)=tildealpha(g)(h). These maps satisfy,
t(alpha(g,h))=gt(h)g1, and alpha(t(h),h)=hhh1.



According to Baez and Lauda HDA 5 example 48, page 64, a Lie group and a Lie algebra can be used to construct a crossed module. The construction is to let alpha be defined via the adjoint map, and to let t be defined as the trivial map t(v)=1 for all ving.



To simplify my question, suppose that g=su(2), and G=SU(2). Now consider alpha(g,v)=gvg1 for ginG and ving. Define t(v)=expv. We can compute that t(alpha(g,h))=gt(h)g1. However,



  1. The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula precludes that t is a homomorphism, and

  2. tildealpha(exph)(h) is rotation of h about the vector h through an angle 2|h|.
    In other words, tildealpha(exph)(h)=(exph)h(exp(h)).

So the lack of homomorphism and the wrong Peiffer identity puts a damper on things. Is there a ``crossed module" like name for such a structure? For example, is it related to a 2-group in any sense?



This question may be related to Theo's about Bernoulli numbers.

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