Questions of this kind have been asked before. I have got is a present perfect construction, while I got is the past tense of I get. British English maintains a difference in the use of the two forms. The present perfect is typically used to describe an event that began in the past and which has current relevance. The past tense, on the other hand, refers to an earlier event that happened at a particular time and which is now consigned to history. If I, as a speaker of British English, say I have got my car back I am describing the present state of affairs. If I say I got my car back I mean that it was returned to me at some point, and I would usually say when: last week, yesterday.
I understand that American English uses the past tense for both situations, but it will be preferable for a speaker of American English to offer any further elaboration that may be required.
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